Quel est le type sensoriel de votre enfant ?

Each child perceives the world in their own unique way, and one of the key elements of this process is sensory integration – the body’s ability to receive, process and interpret sensory stimuli. Sensory integration enables the child to respond appropriately to the stimuli around him, which is the basis for development, learning and social functioning.

Unfortunately, not every child processes stimuli correctly, which can lead to sensory integration disorders (SI). These disorders are the result of improper organization of stimuli by the nervous system and can affect any sensory system – touch, sight, hearing, taste, smell, balance, as well as deep sensation.

How do you recognize what sensory type your child represents? Here are the most common categories and characteristics of each type.

Hypersensitive

Hypersensitive children perceive stimuli as too intense, which causes them to react excessively. Typical features of hypersensitivity include:

• Avoiding touch, e.g. they don’t like to be touched.
• Excessive reaction to pain – even minor injuries cause severe discomfort.
• Difficulty accepting the textures of clothes – the need to cut off labels, choosing only certain materials.
• Discomfort when washing hair, combing, cutting nails.
• Avoiding “dirty” things, such as finger painting or playing in the sand.
• Defensive reactions to sounds, bright light or intense smells.
• Movement problems – avoiding swings, crowds or physical activity.

These children often show inadequate reactions, such as crying, running away or emotional outbursts. Sensory hypersensitivity can co-occur with anxiety or oppositional defiant disorders.

Subsensitive

Subsensitive children need stronger stimulation to register stimuli. Their nervous system acts as a “subdued” radar, which can make them appear listless. Characteristic features are:

• Insensitivity to pain – they can cut themselves and not notice it.
• Lack of reaction to changes in body position.
• Apathy, lack of exploration of the environment, low energy levels.
• Chewing on inedible objects, e.g. pencils, clothes.
• Clumsiness, bumping into objects, balance problems.
• No reaction to intense smells or sounds.

Subsensitive children require stronger stimuli to notice them – e.g. a strong hug, intense movement or distinct tastes.

Sensory Seeker

Children looking for sensory impressions have a constant need for intense stimuli. They look for new challenges and express excessive activity. Typical features include:

• Constant need to move – running, jumping, turning.
• They like intense flavors and smells, they even try inedible things.
• Behaviors that seem aggressive – pushing, biting, bump into others.
• Risky games – climbing to high places, jumping from a great height.

Sensory seekers often appear hyperactive and fearless, striving to satisfy their sensory needs.

Combination of Types

It is worth remembering that sensory processing disorders can occur in combination. For example, a child may be hypersensitive to noise, but at the same time seek intense motor stimuli. A child’s reactions depend on many factors – mood, level of fatigue or changes in the environment.

How to establish a sensory profile?

Start by mapping your baby’s unique needs in relation to each of their senses (hint: there are more than five). Next, think about how to adapt their environment – through sensory toys, home amenities, preschool services, and more – to support their strengths and needs.

What to do if you notice symptoms?

If you notice difficulties in processing stimuli in your child, it is worth consulting a specialist – a sensory integration therapist. SI therapy helps the child to better cope with the stimuli around him and improves functioning in everyday life.

Awareness of your child’s sensory type is the first step to better understanding their needs and supporting their development. With this, you can help them find balance and enjoy the world around them more fully.